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Edward Lee "Ted" Thorndike (August 31, 1874 – August 9, 1949) was an American psychologist who spent nearly his entire career at Teachers College, Columbia University. His work on Comparative psychology and the learning process led to the theory of connectionism and helped lay the scientific foundation for modern educational psychology. He also worked on solving industrial problems, such as employee exams and testing. He was a member of the board of the Psychological Corporation and served as president of the American Psychological Association in 1912.〔Saettler, 2004, pp.52-56〕 A ''Review of General Psychology'' survey, published in 2002, ranked Thorndike as the ninth most cited psychologist of the 20th century. Edward Thorndike had a powerful impact on reinforcement theory and behavior analysis, providing the basic framework for empirical laws in behavior psychology with his Law of Effect. Through his contributions to the behavioral psychology field came his major impacts on education, where the Law of Effect has great influence in the classroom. ==Early life== Thorndike, born in Williamsburg, Massachusetts,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Dushkin Biography )〕 was the son of a Methodist minister in Lowell, Massachusetts.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Psychology History - Biography )〕 Thorndike graduated from The Roxbury Latin School (1891), in West Roxbury, Massachusetts and from Wesleyan University (B.S. 1895).〔 He earned an M.A. at Harvard University in 1897.〔 His two brothers also became important scholars. The younger, Lynn, was a medievalist specializing in the history of science and magic, while the older, Ashley, was an English professor and noted authority on Shakespeare. While at Harvard, he was interested in how animals learn (ethology), and worked with William James. Afterwards, he became interested in the animal 'man', to the study of which he then devoted his life. Edward's thesis is sometimes thought of as the essential document of modern comparative psychology.〔http://journals1.scholarsportal.info.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/tmp/6234729920114861806.pdf〕 Upon graduation, Thorndike returned to his initial interest, educational psychology. In 1898 he completed his PhD at Columbia University under the supervision of James McKeen Cattell, one of the founding fathers of psychometrics. In 1899, after a year of unhappy initial employment at the College for Women of Case Western Reserve in Cleveland, Ohio, he became an instructor in psychology at Teachers College at Columbia University, where he remained for the rest of his career, studying human learning, education, and mental testing. In 1937 Thorndike became the second President of the Psychometric Society, following in the footsteps of Louis Leon Thurstone who had established the society and its journal ''Psychometrika'' the previous year. On August 29, 1900, he wed Elizabeth Moulton and they had four children. During the early stages of his career, he purchased a wide tract of land on the Hudson and encouraged other researchers to settle around him. Soon a colony had formed there with him as its 'tribal' chief.〔Thomson, Godfrey. Prof. Edward L. Thorndike. Nature. V 164. p474. September 17, 1949〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Edward Thorndike」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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